bingo liner

Nagorno-Karabakh bingo liner , often referred to by Armenian as Artsakh , is a region of Azerbaijan, in southern Caucasia, located about 270 km west of the Azerbaijani capital of Baku. The region is predominantly ethnic Armenian, and is under Armenian military control. The local Armenian population declared independence from Azerbaijan on December 10, 1991 and declared the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic . The NKRs Sovereignty status is not recognized by any country in the world. border1 alignright cellpadding4 cellspacing0 width300 style"margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff;

border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" / Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի Հանրապետություն / Dağlıq Qarabağ style"background:#ffffff;" align"center" colspan2 border0 cellpadding2 cellspacing0 should be clarified that the flag is unofficial. Requres work.--> aligncenter width148 Flag.png of the NKR aligncenter width148 Coat of Arms.gif NKR Coat of Arms aligncenter width148 Flag of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic

of the NKR aligncenter width148 The NKR Coat of Arms aligncenter colspan2 of the region aligncenter colspan2 Map of the region. Political status Unrecognized Languages Hayeren / Armenian language Capital Stepanakert / Khankendi President Arkadi Gukasian bingo liner Independence
 – Declared
 – Celebrated¹
 – Recognition From Azerbaijan
 December 10 1991
 September 2 1991
 none Area 1 E9 m² km² Population²
Ethnic

Composition³
  145,000
Over 95% Armenian
5% minorities Currency Dram Time zone Coordinated Universal Time +4 Top-level domain TLD none List of country calling codes Code 374 ??? colspan2 ^1,2,3 nkrusa.org region has a total area of 4,400 km², and in 1989 it had a population of 192,000. The population at that time was mainly Armenian and Azeris , with Russia and Kurds minorities. The capital is Stepanakert . Its other major city, today lying in ruins, is Shusha.From Origins to 1917The region of Nagorno-Karabakh

falls within the lands occupied by peoples known to modern archeologists as the Kura-Araxes culture, who lived between the two rivers bearing those names. Little is known of the ancient history of the region, primarily because of the scarcity of historical sources. Local traditions are held by many peoples in the area that those two river valleys were among the first ever to be settled by Noahs descendants. A son of Japheth named

Aran is credited with being the first to establish a nation here. Zoroastrian traditions also point to this region as being the earliest sacred homeland of the Medes, their ancestors.During the 1st Millennium BC, the population of the area was comprised of various tribes, such as Gargars , Utis, Saks and Sodes , who along with other tribes, constituted the Albanian

tribal union. Jewelry has been found within the present confines of Nagorno-Karabakh inscribed with the cuneiform name of Adad-Nirari, King of Assyria . This is an indicator that these mountains may have been within the Assyrian sphere of influence at this time, or at least on a trade route.Also, near the village of Tsovk, an inscription of Sardur II, King of Urartu , was found, proving that his troops penetrated to that land, to which the inscription referred to as ‘Urtekhini’.It seems

that the state of Mannai based in the Urmia region, expanded as far as the Kura and contested the region with Urartu beginning around 800 BC, until they were destroyed by the Medes in 616 BC. It is uncertain whether the Mannaeans ever penetrated as far as present-day Nagorno-Karabakh.At various times in antiquity, that are difficult to establish with precision at this time, this area was part of Aghbania, or Caucasian Albania, and at others, of Greater Armenia. It was also part of a province of Parthia , called Ardan, and another ancient

name is Artsakh. In 95 BC it was conquered by Tigranes II, ruler of the Kingdom of Armenia.Following the defeat of Tigranes II at the hands of the Ancient Rome in 66 BC, Albanians controlled Artsakh. Ancient Albanians and Armenians alternated control over the territory until the early 4th century, when the Albanians managed to reclaim Artsakh; eventually, in 387, it became a part of Aghbania again.Christianity first came to Aghbania with the mission of St Eliseus in the 1st century. Christianity was widely accepted in the 5th century, after Gregory the Illuminator

Gregory the Illuminator converted and baptized Albanian king Urnayr. In 488, following a church assembly near Aluan , Christianity become the official religion in Aghbania. In the 7th century and 8th century centuries, the region was invaded by Arabs, who pillaged it and converted a portion of the population to Islam. Under the Arabs, the Albanian church was subordinated to the Armenian Church, resulting in the local Albanian population gradually becoming more like Armenians in terms of religion, culture, and language. After the 8th century, Albania diminished in size,

and came to exist only as the Khachin principality in Artsakh. In the 15th century, the territory of Karabakh was part of the states of Kara Koyunlu and then Ak Koyunlu. In the early 16th century, after the fall of the Ak-Koyunlu state, control of the region passed to the Safavids dynasty of Iran, that bingo liner created a Ganje-Karabakh province ; and in the mid-18th century, the Karabakh khanate was formed. Karabakh passed to Imperial Russia by the Treaty

of Gulistan in 1813, before the rest of Russian-controlled Armenian territories were incorporated into the Empire in 1828. In 1822, the Karabakh khanate was dissolved, and the area became part of the Russian province that later formed Azerbaijan.Soviet eraAfter the Russian Revolution in 1917, Karabakh became part of the Transcaucasian Federation, but this soon dissolved into separate Armenia Azerbaijan and Georgia states. Azerbaijan claimed

sovereignty over the province, and sought to secure its claims with help from the Ottoman Empire. Despite the fact that the Ottomans were defeated in the course of World War I, Karabakhs de facto ownership by Azerbaijan was provisionally recognized in 1919 by the Allies#World_War_I who recognized Khosrov-bey Sultanov as general-governor of Karabakh. The Allies decided that the

ultimate status of Karabakh was not determined and was pending final decision in Paris Peace Conference. Whereas Azerbaijan commended this decision as a recognition of its rights to the territory, the Armenian side criticized it, arguing that this decision was made because of the Allies economic interests in the oil fields near Azerbaijans capital, Baku. In 1920, Transcaucasia was taken over by the Bolsheviks who, in order to attract public support, promised

that they would allot Karabakh to Armenia, along with Nakhchivan, and Zangezur . However, Soviet Union also had far-reaching plans concerning Turkey, hoping that it would, with a little help from Russia, develop along Communist lines. Needing to appease Turkey, Moscow agreed to a division that left Zangezur to Armenia, while leaving Karabakh and Nakhchivan in Azerbaijan. As a result, the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous

Region was established within the Azerbaijan SSR in 1923. Most of the decisions on the transfer of the territories, and the establishment of new autonomous entities, were made under pressure from Stalin, who is still blamed by both Azeris and Armenians for arbitrary decisions made against their national interests. border1 alignleft cellpadding4 cellspacing0 style"margin-top:0.5em; margin-right:1em;

margin-bottom:0.5em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align"center" ethnic map.png 0em;" ethnic settlement pattern align"center" Ethnic groups of the region in 1995: the beginning of the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the question of Nagorno-Karabakh reemerged.

Complaining about "forced Azerification" of the region, the majority Armenian population, with ideological and material support from Armenia, started a movement to transfer it to Armenia. In November 1991, following the Karabakh Armenians declaration of secession from Azerbaijan, the Azerbaijan Parliament retaliated by removing the autonomous status of the region. In response, the Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians held a referendum on December 10 1991, with the overwhelming majority of the population voting for outright independence. The minority Azeri community of Nagorno-Karabakh boycotted the referendum,

however.The spiralling conflict led to violent actions against Armenians living in Sumgait, Baku, and elsewhere in Azerbaijan, and against Azerbaijanis living in Vardenis, Masis, Ghukark, and other regions of Armenia. As a result, a vast number of Azerbaijanis in Armenia, and Armenians in Azerbaijan were displaced. A land war between Armenia and Azerbaijan followed this civil violence.

Military action was heavily influenced bingo liner by the Russian Federation military, who inspired and manipulated the rivalry between the two neighbouring nations in order to keep bingo liner both under control.Extensive Russian military support was exposed by the Head of the Standing Commission of the Russian Duma, General Lev Rokhlin, who was subsequently killed in unknown circumstances.

He had claimed that munitions had been illegally transferred to Armenia during 1992-1994.Post-Soviet eraAzerbaijanis were driven out of Nagorno-Karabakh, as well as territories adjacent to Nagorno-Karabakh that had been populated by Azerbaijanis; and these are still under control of the Armenian military. An unofficial cease-fire was reached on May 12 1994 through Russian negotiation,

and continues today. Armenians remain in control of the Soviet-era autonomous region, and a strip of land called the Lachin corridor linking it with the Republic of Armenia, as well as the so-called security zone — strips of territory along the regions borders that had been used by Azerbaijani artillery during the war.Today, Nagorno-Karabakh is a de facto independent state, calling itself the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. It is closely tied to the Republic of Armenia and uses its currency, the Dram Successive Armenian

governments have resisted internal pressure to unite the two, fearing reprisals from Azerbaijan and the international community, that still considers Nagorno-Karabakh part of Azerbaijan. The politics of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh are so intermingled that a former president of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, Robert Kocharian, became first the prime minister and then the president of Armenia .At present, the mediation process is stalled, as both sides are equally intransigent. Azerbaijan insists that Armenian troops withdraw from all areas of Azerbaijan outside Nagorno-Karabakh, and that all displaced persons

be allowed to return to their homes, before the status of Karabakh can be discussed. Armenia does not admit that Nagorno-Karabakh is legally part of Azerbaijan, arguing that because the region declared independence at the same time that Azerbaijan became an independent state, both of them are equally successor states of the Soviet Union. The Armenian government insists that the government of Nagorno-Karabakh be part of any discussions on the regions future, and rejects ceding occupied territory or allowing refugees to return prior to talks on the regions status.Representatives

of Armenia, Azerbaijan, France, Russia and the United States met in Paris and Key West, Florida in the Spring of 2001. The details of the talks have remained largely secret, but the parties are reported to have discussed non-hierarchical relationships between the central Azerbaijani government and the Karabakh Armenian authorities. Despite rumours that the parties were again

close to a solution, the Azerbaijani authorities, both during Heydar Aliyevs period of office, and after the accession of his son Ilham Aliyev in the October 2003 elections, have firmly denied that any agreement was reached in Paris or Key West.Further talks between the Azerbaijani and Armenian presidents, Ilham Aliyev and Robert Kocharyan, were held in September 2004 in Astana, Kazakhstan, on the sidelines of the Commonwealth of Independent States summit. Reportedly, one of the suggestions put forward was the withdrawal of the occupying forces from the Azeri territories adjacent

to Nagorno-Karabakh, and holding referendum in Nagorno-Karabakh and Azerbaijan proper regarding the future status of the region. External links ArtsakhWorld.com – an Armenian site about Nagorno-Karabakh Official site of the NKR Ministry of Foreign Affairs Karabakh Travel Guide Special Karabakh on Caucaz.com, Weekly Online about South Caucasus Nagorno-Karabakh Searching for a Solution: Key points, by Patricia Carley, Publication of the United States Intitute of Peace Sovereignty after Empire Self-Determination Movements in the Former Soviet Union. Case Studies: Nagorno-Karabakh. By Galina

Starovoytova, Publication of the USIPaz:Dağlıq Qarabağca:Alt Karabaghde:Bergkarabachet:Mägi-Karabahhfa:قره‌باغfr:Haut-Karabaghhr:Gorski Karabahhy:Լեռնային Ղարաբաղka:მთიანი ყარაბაღიnl:Nagorno-Karabachpl:Górski Karabachru:Нагорный Карабахsl:Gorski Karabah